民話をさがす ／ スリランカ
The Pots of Oil
スリランカ(Sri Lanka) ／ 本文の言語 英語 ／ 原話の言語 si ／ 出典の刊年 1910 ／ 883 語
出典と権利
| 出典の本 | Village Folk-Tales of Ceylon, Volume 1 |
|---|---|
| 提供 | Project Gutenberg ／ https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/56614 |
| 採集・編者 | Henry Parker |
| 翻訳 | Henry Parker |
| 刊年の根拠 | 扉に『LONDON LUZAC & CO … 1910』 |
| 権利状態 | Public Domain (United States)(US)／確認日 2026-09-14 |
| 地図上の位置 | 緯度 7.9 / 経度 80.7(精度 culture_region)。話の舞台でも採集地でもなく、この本が扱う文化圏のおおよその中心である。 |
本文 ・ 和訳対照
Project Gutenberg の本文から、PG のヘッダ・フッタ・商標文言を除いたもの。段落は原文のままである。
左＝原文(原資料)右＝和訳(AI が作ったもの)
A man having gone to the Lower Twelve Pattus (the name of a district) to seek for coconuts, and having collected fifty or sixty coconuts at a shed [where he was lodging, found that] because of their great weight he was unable to bring them; and so he expressed [the oil from] them.
ある男が椰子を求めて下十二パットゥ(ある地方の名)へ行き、〔泊まっていた〕小屋で椰子を五十か六十集めたが、あまりに重くて運べないとわかったので、その〔油を〕搾った。
Having expressed it, on the morning of the following day he asked for two large pots, and filling them with the oil he tied them as a pingo (carrying-stick) load (one below each end of the stick), and set off with them.
搾ってから、翌朝、大きな壺を二つ求めて、油を満たし、それをピンゴ(天秤棒)の荷として(棒の両端の下に一つずつ)結わえ、それを担いで出発した。
During the time while he was coming on his way to his village, he met a man in the road, and having given him betel, etc., to eat, said, "Ane! Friend, you must assist me a little. Take this pingo load somewhat far, and hand it over to me. I will give you four tuttu" (three halfpence). [The man agreed to help him, and took the load.]
村へ向かう道を来る途中、道で男に出会い、檳榔などを食べさせてから言った。「アネ! 友よ、少し手伝ってくれ。この天秤棒の荷を少し先まで運んで渡してくれ。四トゥットゥ(三半ペニー)やろう」。〔男は手伝うことに承知して、荷を担いだ。〕
Then the man, as he was going along the road, thought, "With the funds provided by these four tuttu I shall buy a hen chicken. Having taken it home, after it has become large and laid twelve eggs I shall [set them under it and] get twelve chickens. After the twelve chickens have become big, I shall sell them for sixpence apiece. With that money I shall get a he-goat and a she-goat, and that she-goat will bear two kids.
すると男は道を歩きながら考えた。「この四トゥットゥの元手で雌の雛鶏を買おう。家へ持ち帰って、大きくなって卵を十二産んだら、〔抱かせて〕雛を十二羽手に入れよう。十二羽の雛が大きくなったら、一羽六ペンスで売ろう。その金で牡山羊と牝山羊を手に入れれば、その牝山羊は仔を二頭産む。
"When the kids have become large I can sell them for five rupees apiece, and having given the ten rupees I shall get a buffalo cow. While I am rearing the buffalo cow she will bear a calf. At that time I shall go to ask about a lucky hour (fixed by astrology) for taking the [first] milk.
「仔が大きくなったら一頭五ルピーで売れる。その十ルピーを出して水牛の牝を手に入れよう。水牛の牝を飼っているうちに仔を産む。そのころ、〔初めての〕乳を搾るのによい時刻を(星占いで定めた吉時を)尋ねに行こう。
"After I have got to know the lucky hour and gone to take the milk, the buffalo cow, becoming afraid, will kick at me." Saying this, he jumped aside in order to avoid it.
「よい時刻を知って乳を搾りに行くと、水牛の牝が怯えてわたしを蹴るだろう」。そう言って、男はそれを避けようと横へ跳んだ。
As he was coming on the path, at this time he had reached a foot-bridge formed of a single tree trunk (edanda), and while going along at the middle of it he made the jump [to escape the cow's kick]. As he jumped, he fell off the tree trunk, taking the load of oil with him [and the two pots were smashed].
道を歩いていて、このとき男はちょうど一本の木の幹でできた一本橋(エダンダ)にさしかかっていて、その真ん中を歩いているときに〔牛の蹴りを避けようと〕跳んだのである。跳んだとたん、男は油の荷ごと木の幹から落ちた〔そして壺は二つとも砕けた〕。
At his fall, the owner of the oil asked, "Having come so far taking care of this oil, why did you throw it down and break the pots at this foot-bridge, friend?"
男が落ちると、油の持ち主は尋ねた。「これほど遠くまでこの油を大事に運んできて、なぜこの一本橋で投げ落として壺を割ったのだ、友よ?」
The man said, "With the funds provided by the four tuttu I thought of buying a chicken. This happened owing to that."
男は言った。「四トゥットゥの元手で雛鶏を買おうと思ったのです。そのせいでこうなりました」
Afterwards the owner of the oil, saying, "Never mind the spilling of the oil; you must go with me," invited the man to accompany him, and they went together. Having arrived at the village, because he was a capable man [the owner of the oil] gave him his daughter [in marriage].
そのあと油の持ち主は「油がこぼれたのはかまわぬ。わたしといっしょに来なさい」と言って、男を誘い、二人はいっしょに行った。村に着くと、〔油の持ち主は〕この男が有能なので、娘を〔嫁に〕やった。
Not a very long time afterwards, the men of the village said that they must go to Puttalam to load salt and sun-dried fish, and bring them back [bartering part of them on the way home]. The man said, "Father-in-law, I also must go to Puttalam." So the father-in-law made ready a cart load of goods, and giving them to him told him to go with the other men, and said, "[When disposing of the goods] the things which they count you also count and give; the goods which they give 'simply' (that is, without counting), you also give 'simply.'" [109]
それからさほど久しくないころ、村の男たちが、塩と干魚を積みに、そして〔帰り道で一部を物々交換しながら〕持ち帰りに、プッタラムへ行かねばならぬと言った。男は言った。「舅どの、わたしもプッタラムへ行かねばなりません」。そこで舅は品物を車一台分整えて渡し、ほかの男たちといっしょに行けと言い、こう言った。「〔品物を手放すときは〕みなが数えて渡すものは、おまえも数えて渡せ。みなが『そのまま』(すなわち数えずに)渡すものは、おまえも『そのまま』渡せ」 [109]
Afterwards the men who went from the village, while coming back from Puttalam, from place to place gave the goods they were bringing, and took [in exchange] the things they wanted. The man having observed which goods they counted, counted and gave the same goods, without [taking] money. The goods which the other men gave without counting, that man also gave without counting. Thus, in that manner he gave all the goods loaded into the cart, until at last only the cart and the yoke of bulls remained over.
そのあと村から出た男たちは、プッタラムから帰る道々、持ってきた品物を渡して、ほしいものを〔引き換えに〕取った。この男は、みなが数えて渡す品を見て、同じ品を数えて渡し、金は〔取らなかった〕。ほかの男たちが数えずに渡す品は、この男も数えずに渡した。こうしてそのやり方で、車に積んだ品をすっかり渡してしまい、とうとう車と牛のくびきだけが残った。
Afterwards the men who went in the party gave goods, and each one got a horse. This man gave the cart and yoke of bulls and got a horse.
そのあと、道連れの男たちは品物を渡して、めいめい馬を一頭手に入れた。この男は車と牛のくびきを渡して馬を一頭手に入れた。
While they were coming bringing the horses, the men of the party gave goods, and each one got a goat of foreign breed. So this man gave his horse, and got a goat.
馬を連れて帰ってくる途中、道連れの男たちは品物を渡して、めいめい異国種の山羊を一頭手に入れた。そこでこの男は馬を渡して山羊を一頭手に入れた。
While they were bringing the goats, the men of the party, saying, "We must each one get a dog with a party-coloured body," gave goods, and got one apiece. So this man gave the foreign goat that he was bringing, and got one.
山羊を連れてくる途中、道連れの男たちは「めいめい斑の体をした犬を一匹手に入れねば」と言って、品物を渡して一匹ずつ手に入れた。そこでこの男は連れていた異国種の山羊を渡して一匹手に入れた。
Having come to a shop where they were selling foreign pots, the men of the party gave goods, and each one got a foreign water-pot. This man giving the parti-coloured dog, also got one.
異国の壺を売る店に来ると、道連れの男たちは品物を渡して、めいめい異国の水壺を一つ手に入れた。この男も斑の犬を渡して一つ手に入れた。
Afterwards having come very close to their village, each of the men of the party, saying, "I will give four tuttu and get shaved," got shaved. So this man gave that foreign water-pot, and got himself shaved.
そのあと村のすぐ近くまで来ると、道連れの男たちはめいめい「四トゥットゥ出して髭を剃ってもらおう」と言って、剃ってもらった。そこでこの男もその異国の水壺を渡して、髭を剃ってもらった。
In the end the man returned home without either cart, or yoke of bulls, or goods.
結局、男は車も牛のくびきも品物も持たずに家へ帰ったのである。
和訳は claude-opus-5 がこのために作ったもので、原資料ではない(translation_type: AI_GENERATED)。 既存の published 訳を写したものではなく、学術的な定訳でもない。 段落は原文と一対一に対応させてあり、段落数の一致は機械で検査している。和訳は Embedding に入れていない —— 入れると測ったことの数字が汚れるためである。
本に付いていた註
Tom-tom Beater. North-western Province. Some Eastern variants have been mentioned above in the story of the Kitul seeds, No. 26. In The Orientalist, vol. ii, p. 102, there is a story by Mr. A. E. R. Corea, in which a man who was going in search of work gathered some leaves on the road-side, which are eaten as a vegetable. In another district where there were no vegetables he exchanged them for fishes, a leaf for a fish. Going on, he bartered these for digging hoes, and these again for oxen, with which he set off on his return home. Having nothing to eat, he continued to give two oxen for two rice cakes, until at last he arrived at his house empty-handed. In the Panchatantra (Dubois), a Brahmana who had been at two feasts on the same day, carried away from the second some pots of ghi--or liquid butter,--milk, and flour, and began to consider how he would acquire wealth by means of them. He would sell them, and buy a she-goat, which would have kids, and in a short time he would possess a flock. He would then sell the goats and buy a cow and a mare, by selling the calves and foals from which he would become a rich man. He would get married and have numerous children, who would be well educated and well dressed. His wife would become inattentive to her duties at the house. During her absence the children would run about near the cows, and the youngest one would be injured by them. For neglecting them he would beat his wife, and taking up his stick to beat her he smashed the pots containing his provisions.
緊張のうつりかわり
本文を 12 等分し、張りつめた語(死・血・恐れ・剣…)から和らいだ語(祝い・眠り・ 婚礼…)を引いて、話の中で 0〜1 に均したもの。自前の辞書である。翻訳を経た本文を測っているので、これは原話ではなくこの訳の性質である。
出来事の並び(数え上げ)
区画ごとに、コーパス全体の出現率に対して不釣り合いに多く出た引き金語を採っている。 生の回数で採ると、`father`/`mother` を持つ Family がほぼ全区画で勝つ(実測)。
Journey→Journey→Gift→Trial→Trial→Return
似ている民話
多言語 Embedding のコサイン近傍。類似度は歴史的な起源や伝播を証明する値ではない。同じ本の話は文体を共有するぶん必ず似るので、そう分かるよう印を付けてある。
| # | 題名 | 文化圏 | 類似度 | 出典 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The Millet Trader | スリランカ | 0.951 | 同じ本 |
| 2 | How a Jackal Settled a Lawsuit | スリランカ | 0.949 | 同じ本 |
| 3 | Tamarind Tikka | スリランカ | 0.947 | 同じ本 |
| 4 | The Nikini Story [100] | スリランカ | 0.947 | 同じ本 |
| 5 | Kurulu-gama Appu, the Sooth-sayer | スリランカ | 0.944 | 同じ本 |
| 6 | Rupa and Bisuntha | ヒマラヤ山麓 | 0.944 | 別の本 |
| 7 | The Adventures of Two Thieves and of their Sons | ベンガル | 0.944 | 別の本 |
| 8 | The Boy with the Moon on his Forehead | ベンガル | 0.944 | 別の本 |
| 9 | Strike but Hear | ベンガル | 0.943 | 別の本 |
| 10 | The Weaver | ヒマラヤ山麓 | 0.943 | 別の本 |
| 11 | The Turtle Dove | スリランカ | 0.942 | 同じ本 |
| 12 | The Undying Head | 北米先住民 | 0.941 | 別の本 |
話を刻んで比べた近傍
話を 150 語ずつの窓に切り、話の平均を引いてから窓ごとに比べたときの近傍。 話をまるごと 1 本のベクトルにする上の一覧より、独英グリムの同じ話をよく当てた (測ったこと の H-05)。「筋の順番が似ている」ではない —— 順番をまったく使わない突き合わせでも同じだけ当たったので、 効いているのは刻んで細かく比べていることである。
| # | 題名 | 文化圏 | 類似度 | 出典 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The Magic Invasion of Seoul | 朝鮮半島 | 0.097 | 別の本 |
| 2 | How Mushrooms First Grew | 西アフリカ(ゴールドコースト) | 0.095 | 別の本 |
| 3 | The Story of the Black Cow | ヒマラヤ山麓 | 0.093 | 別の本 |
| 4 | Three Brothers and the Life-tree | ジャマイカ | 0.090 | 別の本 |
| 5 | An Encounter with a Hobgoblin | 朝鮮半島 | 0.088 | 別の本 |
| 6 | The Jackal and the Turtle | スリランカ | 0.087 | 同じ本 |