民話をさがす / アイヌ
Don't throw Useful Things away
アイヌ(Japan) / 本文の言語 英語 / 原話の言語 ain / 出典の刊年 1888 / 584 語
出典と権利
| 出典の本 | Aino Folk-Tales |
|---|---|
| 提供 | Project Gutenberg / https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/29287 |
| 採集・編者 | Basil Hall Chamberlain |
| 翻訳 | Basil Hall Chamberlain |
| 刊年の根拠 | 扉に『Privately Printed for the Folk-Lore Society. 1888.』 |
| 権利状態 | Public Domain (United States)(US)/確認日 2026-09-14 |
| 地図上の位置 | 緯度 43.3 / 経度 142.6(精度 culture_region)。話の舞台でも採集地でもなく、この本が扱う文化圏のおおよその中心である。 |
本文
Project Gutenberg の本文から、PG のヘッダ・フッタ・商標文言を除いたもの。段落は原文のままである。
A certain man had a little boy. A divine little boy and a divine little girl used to come and play with him every day. But the little boy alone could see them. His parents could not see them, but believed their child to be alone.
Now one day he fell ill, and during his illness his two playmates did not come to see him. Only at the very last did they come, when he seemed to be on the point of death. Then they came, and the little girl said: "We know the cause of your illness. Your grandfather possessed a beautiful axe. I myself am a small tray which he fashioned with that axe, and the little boy who comes with me is a pestle which was also fashioned with it. So the axe was our chieftain, and we are its children. But your father has been bad. He has thrown away the axe, which is now rusting under the floor. For this are you ill, in order to punish your father, because our chieftain the axe is angry. Therefore, as we were your playmates, we have come to warn you that, if you wish to live, you must tell your father to search for the axe, to polish it, to make a new handle for it, and to set up the divine symbols in its honour. Then may you be cured, and the axe too will pay you a visit in human shape."
So the boy told his father of this. The father thought that his son had been instructed in a dream. He searched under the floor of the house, and found the axe, and polished it, and made a new handle for it, and set up the divine symbols in its honour. Then his son was immediately healed.
After that, the axe (who appeared as a very handsome man), the tray, and the pestle all came, and became the little boy's brothers and sisters. The axe, being a god, knew all that went on and the causes of everything; and it and the tray and the pestle used always to tell the boy everything. Thus, if any one was sick, he knew why the sickness had come, and how it should be treated. He was looked upon as a great soothsayer and wizard, who could turn death into life. This was because other people only saw him. They did not see his divine informants, the axe, the tray, and the pestle.
For this reason never throw away anything that has belonged to your ancestors. You will be punished by the gods if you do so.
[In a variant of this tale, the death of child after child borne by a certain woman was owing to the fact that the doll with which she herself had played as a child (a piece of wood shaped like a bird) had been thrown away in the grass, and had thus had its anger aroused. A conversation on the subject between the spoon, the cup, and the iron chain whereby the kettle is hung over the fire from a hook in the ceiling, is overheard by a half-burnt piece of firewood, who warns the woman's husband in a dream. The doll is then looked for; and, when found, the divine symbols are set up in its honour. Thereupon the woman bears again. This time the child survives, to the delight of both its parents.]--(Written down from memory. Told by Ishanashte, 2nd December, 1886.)
緊張のうつりかわり
本文を 12 等分し、張りつめた語(死・血・恐れ・剣…)から和らいだ語(祝い・眠り・ 婚礼…)を引いて、話の中で 0〜1 に均したもの。自前の辞書である。翻訳を経た本文を測っているので、これは原話ではなくこの訳の性質である。
出来事の並び(数え上げ)
区画ごとに、コーパス全体の出現率に対して不釣り合いに多く出た引き金語を採っている。 生の回数で採ると、`father`/`mother` を持つ Family がほぼ全区画で勝つ(実測)。
Family→Conflict→Trial→Family→Family→Punishment
似ている民話
多言語 Embedding のコサイン近傍。類似度は歴史的な起源や伝播を証明する値ではない。同じ本の話は文体を共有するぶん必ず似るので、そう分かるよう印を付けてある。
| # | 題名 | 文化圏 | 類似度 | 出典 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The Poor Boy | ルーマニア | 0.941 | 別の本 |
| 2 | The Boy with the Moon on his Forehead | ベンガル | 0.941 | 別の本 |
| 3 | Tellerchen | ルーマニア | 0.940 | 別の本 |
| 4 | The Story of the Youth who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was | ドイツ語圏 | 0.940 | 別の本 |
| 5 | Strike but Hear | ベンガル | 0.939 | 別の本 |
| 6 | The Cinder-youth | アナトリア | 0.939 | 別の本 |
| 7 | The Valiant Little Tailor | ドイツ語圏 | 0.938 | 別の本 |
| 8 | Little Thumb | フランス | 0.938 | 別の本 |
| 9 | The Three Orange-peris | アナトリア | 0.938 | 別の本 |
| 10 | The Adventures of Two Thieves and of their Sons | ベンガル | 0.938 | 別の本 |
| 11 | Little Wild-rose | ルーマニア | 0.938 | 別の本 |
| 12 | The Mirror of Matsuyama a Story of Old Japan | 日本 | 0.937 | 別の本 |