Ku-ula, the Fish God of Hawaii

The story of Ku-ula, considered by ancient Hawaiians as the deity presiding over and controlling the fish of the sea,--a story still believed by many of them to-day,--is translated and somewhat condensed from an account prepared by a recognized legendary bard of these islands. The name of Ku-ula is known from the ancient times on each of the islands of the Hawaiian group, and the writer gives the Maui version as transmitted through the old people of that island.

いにしえのハワイの人々が、海の魚を司り治める神と見なしたクウラの話は——今日でも多くの人がなお信じている話だが——この島々の名の通った伝説の語り部が書き記したものから訳し、いくらか縮めたものである。クウラの名はいにしえからハワイの島々のどこでも知られているが、ここでは筆者がマウイ島の古老たちを通して伝えられた、マウイの伝えを記す。

Ku-ula had a human body, and was possessed with wonderful or miraculous power (mana kupua) in directing, controlling, and influencing all fish of the sea, at will.

クウラは人の体を持ち、海の魚すべてを思いのままに導き、治め、動かす、不思議な、あるいは奇跡のような力(マナ・クプア)を備えていた。

Leho-ula, in the land of Aleamai, Hana, Maui, is where Ku-ula and Hina-pu-ku-ia lived. Nothing is known of their parents, but tradition deals with Ku-ula, his wife, their son Ai-ai, and Ku-ula-uka, a younger brother of Ku-ula. These lived together for a time at Leho-ula, and then the brothers divided their work between them, Ku-ula-uka choosing farm work, or work pertaining to the land, from the seashore to the mountain-top, while Ku-ula--known also as Ku-ula-kai--chose to be a fisherman, with such other work as pertained to the sea, from the pebbly shore to ocean depths. After this division Ku-ula-uka went up in the mountains to live, and met a woman known as La-ea--called also Hina-ulu-ohia--a sister of Hina-pu-ku-ia, Ku-ula's wife. These sisters had three brothers, named Moku-ha-lii, Kupa-ai-kee, and Ku-pulu-pulu-i-ka-na-hele. This trio were called by the old people the gods of the canoe-making priests--"Na akua aumakua o ka poe kahuna kalai waa."

マウイ島ハナのアレアマイの地にあるレホ・ウラ、そこがクウラとヒナ・プ・ク・イアの住んだところである。その親については何も知られていないが、言い伝えはクウラと妻、息子のアイアイ、そしてクウラの弟クウラ・ウカについて語る。この人々はしばらくレホ・ウラでともに暮らし、それから兄弟は仕事を分けた。クウラ・ウカは畑仕事、すなわち海辺から山の頂までの陸に関わる仕事を選び、クウラ——クウラ・カイとも呼ばれる——は漁師となり、小石の浜から大海の深みまで、海に関わるそのほかの仕事も選んだ。この分担ののち、クウラ・ウカは山へ上って暮らし、ラ・エア——ヒナ・ウル・オヒアとも呼ばれる——という女に出会った。この女はクウラの妻ヒナ・プ・ク・イアの妹であった。この姉妹には三人の兄弟があり、その名はモク・ハ・リイ、クパ・アイ・ケエ、ク・プル・プル・イ・カ・ナ・ヘレといった。この三人は古老たちに舟づくりの祭司の神々——「ナ・アクア・アウマクア・オ・カ・ポエ・カフナ・カライ・ワア」——と呼ばれていた。

While Ku-ula and his wife were living at Leho-ula he devoted all his time to his chosen vocation, fishing. His first work was to construct a fish-pond handy to his house but near to the shore where the surf breaks, and this pond he stocked with all kinds of fish. Upon a rocky platform he also built a house to be sacred for the fishing kapu which he called by his own name, Ku-ula.

クウラは妻とレホ・ウラに住んでいたあいだ、選んだ生業である漁にすべての時を注いだ。最初の仕事は、家の近く、しかし波の砕ける浜の近くに、使い勝手のよい魚の池を築くことで、この池にあらゆる種類の魚を放った。また岩の台の上に、漁のカプのための聖なる家を建て、それを自分の名によってクウラと呼んだ。

It is asserted that when Ku-ula made all these preparations he believed in the existence of a God who had supreme power over all things. That is why he prepared this place wherein to make his offerings of the first fish caught by him to the fish god. From this observance of Ku-ula all the fish were tractable (laka loa) unto him; all he had to do was to say the word, and the fish would appear. This was reported all over Hana and when Kamohaolii, the King (who was then living at Wananalua, the land on which Kauiki Hill stands) heard of it, he appointed Ku-ula to be his head fisherman. Through this pond, which was well stocked with all kinds of fish, the King's table was regularly supplied with all rare varieties, whether in or out of season. Ku-ula was his mainstay for fish-food and was consequently held in high esteem by Kamohoalii, and they lived without disagreement of any kind between them for many years.

クウラがこうした支度をすべて整えたのは、万物を治める至高の力を持つ神の存在を信じていたからだと言われる。だからこそ、自分の獲った最初の魚を魚の神に捧げるための場所を用意したのである。クウラのこの行いによって、魚はみな彼になつき(ラカ・ロア)、ひと言告げさえすれば魚が現れた。このことはハナじゅうに伝わり、王カモハオリイ(当時カウイキの丘の立つ土地ワナナルアに住んでいた)がそれを聞くと、クウラを漁頭に任じた。あらゆる種類の魚がたっぷり入っているこの池のおかげで、王の食膳には季節の内であれ外であれ、珍しい魚がいつも欠かさず供された。クウラは王の魚の糧の頼みであり、それゆえカモホアリイに高く重んじられ、二人は長年のあいだ何の諍いもなく過ごした。

During this period the wife of Ku-ula gave birth to a son, whom they called Aiai-a-Ku-ula (Aiai of Ku-ula), The child was properly brought up according to the usage of those days, and when he was old enough to care for himself an unusual event occurred.

このあいだにクウラの妻は男の子を産み、二人はその子をアイアイ・ア・クウラ(クウラのアイアイ)と名づけた。子は当時の習わしに従ってきちんと育てられ、自分の身を守れる年ごろになったころ、ただならぬことが起こった。

A large puhi (eel), called Koona, lived at Wailau, on the windward side of the island of Molokai. This eel was deified and prayed to by the people of that place, and they never tired telling of the mighty things their god did, one of which was that a big shark came to Wailau and gave it battle, and during the fight the puhi caused a part of the rocky cliff to fall upon the shark, which killed it. A cave was thus formed, with a depth of about five fathoms; and that large opening is there to this day, situate a little above the sea and close to the rocky fort where lived the well known Kapeepeekauila. This puhi then left its own place and came and lived in a cave in the sea near Aleamai, called Kapukaulua, some distance out from the Alau rocks. It came to break and rob the pond that Ku-ula had built and stocked with fish of various kinds and colors, as known to-day.

モロカイ島の風上側のワイラウに、コオナという名の大きなプヒ(鰻)が住んでいた。この鰻は神とされ、その土地の人々に祈りを捧げられていた。人々は自分たちの神が行った偉大なことを語って飽きることがなく、そのひとつはこうである。大きな鮫がワイラウに来て戦いを挑み、その戦いのあいだ、プヒは岩の崖の一部を鮫の上に落として殺した。そうしてできた洞穴は深さが五尋ほどあり、その大きな口は今日もそこにあって、海の少し上手、名高いカペエペエカウイラの住んだ岩の砦のすぐ近くにある。このプヒはその後、自分の場所を去って、アラウの岩から少し沖の、アレアマイの近くの海にあるカプカウルアという洞穴に住みついた。そしてクウラが築き、今日知られるさまざまな種類と色の魚を放った池を壊し、その魚を奪いに来たのである。

Ku-ula was much surprised on discovering his pond stock disappearing, so he watched day and night, and at last, about daybreak, he saw a large eel come in through the makai (seaward) wall of the pond. When he saw this he knew that it was the cause of the loss of his fish, and was devising a way to catch and kill it; but on consulting with his wife they decided to leave the matter to their son Aiai, for him to use his own judgment as to the means by which the thief might be captured and killed. When Aiai was told of it he sent word to all the people of Aleamai and Haneoo to make ili hau ropes several lau fathoms in length; and when all was ready a number of the people went out with it in two canoes, one each from the two places, with Aiai-a-Ku-ula in one of them. He put two large stones in his canoe and held in his hands a fisherman's gourd (hokeo), in which was a large fishhook called manaiaakalani.

クウラは池の魚が減っていくのに気づいてたいそう驚き、昼も夜も見張った。そしてとうとう明け方ごろ、大きな鰻が池のマカイ(海側)の壁を通って入ってくるのを見た。これを見て、魚が失われるもとはこれだと知り、捕らえて殺す手立てを考えた。けれども妻と相談し、この件は息子のアイアイに任せて、この盗人をどう捕らえて殺すかは自分で判断させようと決めた。アイアイはそれを聞くと、アレアマイとハネオオの人々みなに、数ラウ尋の長さのイリハウの縄を作れと言い送った。支度が整うと、大勢の人がそれを持って二艘の舟で出た。二つの土地から一艘ずつで、アイアイ・ア・クウラはそのうちの一艘に乗った。彼は舟に大きな石を二つ積み、手には漁師の瓢箪(ホケオ)を持っていた。そのなかにはマナイアアカラニという名の大きな釣り針が入っていた。

When the canoes had proceeded far out he located his position by landmarks; and looking down into the sea, and finding the right place, he told the paddlers to cease paddling. Standing up in the canoe and taking one of the stones in his hands he dived into the sea. Its weight took him down rapidly to the bottom, where he saw a big cave opening right before him, with a number of fishes scurrying about the entrance, such as uluas and other deep sea varieties. Feeling assured thereby that the puhi was within, he arose to the surface and got into his canoe. Resting for a moment, he then opened the gourd and took out the hook manaiaakalani and tied the hau rope to it. He also picked up a long stick and placed at the end of it the hook, baited with a preparation of cocoanut and other substances attractive to fishes. Before taking his second dive he arranged with those on the canoe as to the signs to them of his success. Saying this, he picked up the other stone and dived down again into the sea; then, proceeding to the cave, he placed the hook in it, at the same time murmuring a few incantations in the name of his parents. When he knew that the puhi was hooked he signalled, as planned, to tell those on the canoe of his success. In a short while he came to the surface, and entering the canoe they all returned to shore, trailing the rope behind. He told those in the canoe from Haneoo to paddle thither and to Hamoa, and to tell all the people to pull the puhi; like instructions were given those on the Aleamai canoe for their people. The two canoes set forth on their courses to the landings, keeping in mind Aiai's instructions, which were duly carried out by the people of the two places; and there were many for the work.

舟がかなり沖まで進むと、彼は陸の目印で自分の場所を定めた。そして海の底をのぞき込み、ちょうどよい場所を見つけると、漕ぎ手たちに漕ぐのをやめるように言った。舟の上に立ち、石のひとつを手に取って、彼は海に潜った。その重みでたちまち底まで沈み、そこには大きな洞穴の口がまっすぐ目の前に開いていて、入口のまわりにはウルアなど深い海の魚が幾匹もうろついていた。これでプヒが中にいると確信して、彼は水面に上がり、舟に乗り込んだ。しばらく休んでから瓢箪を開けて釣り針マナイアアカラニを取り出し、ハウの縄をそれに結んだ。また長い棒を取り、その先に針をつけ、椰子の実などで魚を引きつけるように作った餌をつけた。二度目に潜る前に、彼は舟の者たちと、首尾を知らせる合図を取り決めた。そう言って、もうひとつの石を取ってふたたび海へ潜り、洞穴まで進んでそこに針を置き、同時に両親の名を呼んでまじないの言葉を低く唱えた。プヒが針にかかったと分かると、取り決めたとおり合図して、舟の者たちに首尾を告げた。まもなく彼は水面に上がり、舟に乗り込んで、一同は縄をうしろに引きながら岸へ戻った。彼はハネオオの舟の者たちに、そちらとハモアへ漕いで、人々みなにプヒを引けと伝えるように言った。アレアマイの舟の者たちにも、同じ言いつけがそれぞれの土地の人々へ伝えられた。二艘の舟はアイアイの言いつけを胸に、それぞれの浜へ向かい、二つの土地の人々はきちんとそれを行った。人手は大勢あった。

Then Aiai ascended Kaiwiopele Hill and motioned to the people of both places to pull the ropes attached to the hook on the mouth of the puhi. It was said that the Aleamai people won the victory over the much greater number from the other places, by landing the puhi on the pahoehoe stones at Lehoula. The people endeavored to kill the prize, but without success till Aiai came and threw three ala stones at it and killed it. The head was cut off and cooked in the imu (oven). The bones of its jaw, with the mouth wide open, are seen to this day at a place near the shore, washed by the waves,--the rock formation at a short distance having such a resemblance.

それからアイアイはカイウィオペレの丘に登り、両方の土地の人々に、プヒの口の針につないだ縄を引けと合図した。伝えによれば、アレアマイの人々が、はるかに人数の多いほかの土地の人々に打ち勝って、プヒをレホウラのパホエホエの岩の上へ引き上げたという。人々はこの獲物を殺そうとしたがうまくいかず、とうとうアイアイが来てアラの石を三つ投げつけて殺した。頭は切り落とされてイム(地の竈)で焼かれた。その顎の骨は、大きく口を開けたまま、今日でも波に洗われる浜近くの場所で見ることができる。少し離れた岩の形が、まさにそのように見えるのである。

Residents of the place state that all ala stones near where the imu was made in which the puhi was baked do not crack when heated, as they do elsewhere, because of the imu heating of that time. It is so even to this day. The backbone (iwi kuamoo) of this puhi is still lying on the pahoehoe where Aiai killed it with the three ala stones,--the rocky formation, about thirty feet in length, exactly resembling the backbone of an eel. The killing of this puhi by Aiai gave him fame among the people of Hana. Its capture was the young lad's first attempt to follow his father's vocation, and his knowledge was a surprise to the people.

土地の人々の言うところでは、プヒを焼いたイムが作られた場所の近くにあるアラの石はみな、ほかの場所の石と違って、熱しても割れない。あのときのイムの熱のためだという。今日でもそうである。このプヒの背骨(イウィ・クアモオ)は、アイアイが三つのアラの石で殺したパホエホエの上に今も横たわっている。長さ三十フィートほどの岩の形が、鰻の背骨にそっくりなのである。アイアイがこのプヒを殺したことは、彼にハナの人々のあいだでの名声をもたらした。この捕獲は、この若者が父の生業を継ごうとした最初の試みであり、その心得は人々を驚かせた。

After this event a man came over from Waiiau, Molokai, who was a kahu (keeper) of the puhi. He dreamed one night that he saw its spirit, which told him that his aumakua (god) had been killed at Hana, so he came to see with his own eyes where this had occurred. Arriving at Wananalua he was befriended by one of the retainers of Kamohoalii, the King of Hana, and lived there a long time serving under him, during which time he learned the story of how the puhi had been caught and killed by Aiai, the son of Ku-ula and Hinapukuia, whereupon he sought to accomplish their death.

この出来事ののち、モロカイのワイイアウから一人の男がやって来た。この男はプヒのカフ(世話役)であった。彼はある夜、その霊を見る夢を見た。霊は、自分のアウマクア(神)はハナで殺されたと告げた。そこで男は、それがどこで起きたのかを自分の目で見に来たのである。ワナナルアに着くと、ハナの王カモホアリイの家来の一人に親しくされ、そこに長く住んでその下に仕えた。そのあいだに、そのプヒがクウラとヒナプクイアの息子アイアイに捕らえられ殺された経緯を知り、そこで二人を死に至らしめようとたくらんだ。

Considering a plan of action, he went one day to Ku-ula, without orders, and told him that the King had sent him for fish for the King. Ku-ula gave him but one fish, an ulua, with a warning direction, saying, "Go back to the King and tell him to cut off the head of the fish and cook it in the imu, and the flesh of its body cut up and salt and dry in the sun, for 'this is Hana the aupehu land; Hana of the scarce fish; the fish Kama; the fish of Lanakila.' (Eia o Hana la he aina aupehu; o Hana keia i ka ia iki; ka ia o Kama; ka ia o Lanakila)."

手立てを思案したうえで、男はある日、命じられてもいないのにクウラのところへ行き、王が魚をお求めなので遣わされたと告げた。クウラはウルアを一匹だけ与え、こう言い添えた。「王のもとへ戻って、この魚の頭を切り落としてイムで焼き、体の肉は切り分けて塩をし、日に干すようにとお伝えせよ。『ここハナはアウペフの地、魚の乏しいハナ、カマの魚、ラナキラの魚である』(エイア・オ・ハナ・ラ・ヘ・アイナ・アウペフ、オ・ハナ・ケイア・イ・カ・イア・イキ、オ・カ・イア・オ・カマ、カ・イア・オ・ラナキラ)のだから。」

When the man returned to the King and gave him the fish, the King asked: "Who gave it to you?" and the man answered:

男が王のもとへ戻って魚を差し出すと、王は尋ねた。「誰がこれをくれたのだ。」男は答えた。

"Ku-ula."

「クウラでございます。」

Then it came into his head that this was his chance for revenge, so he told the King what Ku-ula had said but not in the same way, saying: "Your head fisherman told me to come back and tell you that your head should be cut from your body and cooked in the imu, and the flesh of your body should be cut up and salted and dried in the sun."

そのとき男の頭に、これこそ復讐の機会だという考えが浮かんだ。そこでクウラの言葉を、同じようにではなくこう伝えた。「漁頭はわたくしに、戻ってこう申せと言いました。王の頭を胴から切り落としてイムで焼き、その体の肉は切り分けて塩をし、日に干すべし、と。」

The King on hearing this message was so angered with Ku-ula, his head fisherman, that he told the man to go and tell all his konohikis (head men of lands with others under them) and people, to go up in the mountains and gather immediately plenty of firewood and place it around Ku-ula's house, for he and his wife and child should be burned up.

この言づけを聞いた王は、漁頭クウラにたいそう怒り、その男に、自分のコノヒキ(下に人を持つ土地の頭)と人々みなに、ただちに山へ行って薪をたくさん集め、クウラの家のまわりに積めと伝えよと命じた。クウラとその妻と子を焼き殺すためである。

This order of the King was carried out by the konohikis and people of all his lands except those of Aleamai. These latter did not obey this order of the King, for Ku-ula had always lived peaceably among them. There were days when they had no fish, and he had supplied them freely.

この王の命は、アレアマイの者たちを除く、すべての領地のコノヒキと人々によって行われた。アレアマイの者たちはこの王の命に従わなかった。クウラはいつも彼らと睦まじく暮らしていたからである。魚の獲れない日には、クウラは彼らに惜しみなく分け与えていた。

When Ku-ula and his wife saw the people of Hana bringing firewood and placing it around the house they knew it foreboded trouble; so Ku-ula went to a place where taro, potatoes, bananas, cane, and some gourds were growing. Seeing three dry gourds on the vine, he asked the owner for them and was told to take them. These he took to his house and discussed with his wife the evil day to come, and told Aiai that their house would be burned and their bodies too, but not to fear death nor trouble himself about it when the people came to shut them in.

クウラと妻は、ハナの人々が薪を運んできて家のまわりに積むのを見て、これは災いの前触れだと悟った。そこでクウラは、タロいも、さつまいも、バナナ、砂糖きび、そして瓢箪が育っている場所へ行った。蔓に乾いた瓢箪が三つなっているのを見て持ち主に乞い、取ってよいと言われた。彼はそれを家に持ち帰り、来るべき災いの日について妻と語り合い、アイアイに、家も焼かれ、わたしたちの体も焼かれる、けれども人々が閉じ込めに来ても死を恐れず、心を騒がせるなと告げた。

After some thinking Ku-ula remembered his giving the ulua to the King's retainer and felt that he was the party to blame for this action of the King's people. He had suspected it before, but now felt sure; therefore he turned to his son and said: "Our child, Aiai-a-Ku-ula, if our house is burned, and our bodies too, you must look sharp for the smoke when it goes straight up to the hill of Kaiwiopele. That will be your way out of this trouble, and you must follow it till you find a cave where you will live. You must take this hook called manaiaakalani with you; also this fish-pearl (pa hi aku), called Kahuoi; this shell called lehoula, and this small sandstone from which I got the name they call me, Ku-ula-au-a-Ku-ulakai. It is the progenitor of all the fish in the sea. You will be the one to make all the ku-ulas from this time forth, and have charge also of making all the fishing stations (ko'a lawaia) in the sea throughout the islands. Your name shall be perpetuated and those of your parents also, through all generations to come, and I hereby confer upon you all my power and knowledge. Whenever you desire anything call, or ask, in our names, and we will grant it. We will stand up and go forth from here into the sea and abide there forever; and you, our child, shall live on the land here without worrying about anything that may happen to you. You will have power to punish with death all those who have helped to burn us and our house. Whether it be king or people, they must die; therefore let us calmly await the calamity that is to befall us."

しばらく考えて、クウラは王の家来にウルアを与えたことを思い出し、王の民のこの動きの元凶はあの男だと思い当たった。前から疑ってはいたが、今や確かだと感じた。そこで息子に向かって言った。「わが子アイアイ・ア・クウラよ、もしわたしたちの家が焼かれ、体も焼かれたなら、煙をよく見て、それがまっすぐカイウィオペレの丘のほうへ立ちのぼるのを見のがすな。それがこの災いからおまえの逃れる道だ。それをたどって、住まいとなる洞穴を見つけよ。このマナイアアカラニという針を持っていけ。この魚を釣る貝の疑似餌(パ・ヒ・アク)、カフオイというものも。レホウラというこの貝殻も。そして、わたしがクウラ・アウ・ア・クウラカイと呼ばれるもとになった、この小さな砂の石も。これは海のすべての魚の親である。これからのちクウラの祭場をすべて作るのはおまえであり、島々じゅうの海に漁場(コア・ラワイア)をすべて定める役目もおまえのものだ。おまえの名も、おまえの親の名も、来たるべき代々を通して永く伝えられよう。わたしはここに、わが力と知恵のすべてをおまえに授ける。何かを望むときには、わたしたちの名を呼び、あるいは願え。そうすればかなえよう。わたしたちは立ち上がってここから海へ出ていき、永久にそこに住む。そしてわが子よ、おまえは陸に住み、身に何が起ころうと心を煩わせるな。おまえには、わたしたちとこの家を焼くのに手を貸した者すべてを死をもって罰する力がある。王であれ民であれ、みな死なねばならぬ。だから、これから降りかかる災いを静かに待とう。」

All these instructions Aiai consented to carry out from first to last, as a dutiful son.

アイアイは、孝行な息子として、このクウラの言いつけを初めから終わりまで守ると承知した。

After Ku-ula's instructions to his son, consequent upon the manifestations of coming trouble, the King's people came one day and caught them and tied their hands behind their backs, the evil-doer from Molokai being there to aid in executing the cruel orders of Kamohoalii resulting from his deceitful story. Upon being taken into their house Ku-ula was tied to the end post of the ridge pole (pouhana), the wife was tied to the middle post (kai waena) of the house, and the boy, Aiai, was tied to one of the corner posts (pou o manu). Upon fastening them in this manner the people went out of the house and barricaded the doorway with wood, which they then set on fire. Before the fire was lit, the ropes with which the victims were tied dropped off from their hands. Men, women, and children looked on at the burning house with deep pity for those within, and tears were streaming down their cheeks as they remembered the kindness of Ku-ula during all the time they had lived together. They knew not why this family and their house should be burned in this manner.

災いの兆しを受けてクウラが息子に言い含めたのち、ある日、王の民がやって来て三人を捕らえ、手を背中で縛った。モロカイから来たあの悪しき男も、その偽りの話から出たカモホアリイのむごい命を執り行うためにそこにいた。三人は家のなかへ入れられ、クウラは棟木を支える端の柱(ポウハナ)に、妻は家の中ほどの柱(カイ・ワエナ)に、少年アイアイは隅の柱の一本(ポウ・オ・マヌ)に縛りつけられた。こうして縛りつけると、人々は家を出て戸口を薪でふさぎ、それに火を放った。火がつけられる前に、縛られていた縄は三人の手から落ちていた。男も女も子どもも、燃える家を深い憐れみをもって見つめ、ともに暮らしてきたあいだのクウラの情けを思い出して、頬に涙を流した。なぜこの一家とその家がこんなふうに焼かれねばならないのか、誰にも分からなかった。

When the fire was raging all about the house and the flames were consuming everything, Ku-ula and his wife gave their last message to their son and left him. They went right out of the house as quietly as the last breath leaves the body, and none of the people standing there gazing saw where, or how, Ku-ula and his wife came forth out of the house. Aiai was the only one that retained material form. Their bodies were changed by some miraculous power and entered the sea, taking with them all the fish swimming in and around Hana. They also took all sea-mosses, crabs, crawfish, and the various kinds of shellfish along the seashore, even to the opihi-koele at the rocky beach; every edible thing in the sea was taken away. This was the first stroke of Ku-ula's revenge on the King and the people of Hana who obeyed his mandate; they suffered greatly from the scarcity of fish.

火が家じゅうに燃えさかり、炎がすべてを呑み込もうとするとき、クウラと妻は息子に最後の言葉を与えて去った。二人は、最後の息が体を離れるように静かに家から出ていき、そこに立って眺めていた人々の誰一人、クウラと妻がどこからどうやって出ていったのか見た者はなかった。物の形をとどめたのはアイアイだけだった。二人の体は何か奇跡の力で変えられて海に入り、ハナの内外を泳ぐ魚をすべて連れていった。また海藻も、蟹も、伊勢海老も、海辺のさまざまな貝も、岩場のオピヒ・コエレレに至るまで持ち去った。海の食べられるものはことごとく奪われた。これがクウラの、王と、その命に従ったハナの人々への復讐の第一撃であった。人々は魚の乏しさにたいそう苦しんだ。

When Ku-ula and his wife were out of the house the three gourds exploded from the heat, one by one, and all those who were gazing at the burning house believed the detonations indicated the bursting of the bodies of Ku-ula, his wife, and child. The flames shot up through the top of the house, and the black smoke hovered above it, then turned toward the front of Kaiwiopele Hill. The people saw Aiai ascend through the flames and walk upon the smoke toward the hill till he came to a small cave that opened to receive and rescue him.

クウラと妻が家を出たあと、三つの瓢箪が熱でひとつずつ破裂した。燃える家を見つめていた者たちはみな、その音はクウラとその妻と子の体が裂けたのだと思った。炎は家の屋根を突き抜けて噴き上がり、黒い煙がその上に漂って、それからカイウィオペレの丘の前手のほうへ向いた。人々は、アイアイが炎を抜けて昇り、煙の上を歩いて丘のほうへ行き、やがて小さな洞穴が開いて彼を迎え入れ、救うのを見た。

As Aiai left the house it burned fiercely, and, carrying out the instructions of his father he called upon him to destroy by fire all those who had caught and tied them in their burning house. As he finished his appeal he saw the rippling of the wind on the sea and a misty rain coming with it, increasing as it came till it reached Lehoula, which so increased the blazing of the fire that the flames reached out into the crowd of people for those who had obeyed the King. The man from Molokai, who was the cause of the trouble, was reached also and consumed by the fire, and the charred bodies were left to show to the people the second stroke of Ku-ula's vengeance. Strange to say, all those who had nothing to do with this cruel act, though closer to the burning house, were uninjured; the tongues of fire reached out only for the guilty ones. In a little while but a few smouldering logs and ashes were all that remained of the house of Ku-ula. Owing to this strange action of the fire some of the people doubted the death of Ku-ula and his wife, and much disputation arose among them on the subject.

アイアイが家を出ると火は激しく燃えさかった。そこで父の言いつけどおり、彼は父に呼びかけて、自分たちを捕らえ、燃える家のなかに縛った者すべてを火で滅ぼしてくださいと願った。願い終えると、海に風のさざ波が立ち、霧のような雨がそれとともに来て、レホウラに届くまでに勢いを増すのが見えた。それによって火の勢いはいっそう強まり、炎は人々の群れのなかへ伸びて、王の命に従った者たちをとらえた。この災いのもとであるモロカイの男も炎にとらえられ、焼き尽くされた。そして黒焦げの体が残されて、人々にクウラの復讐の第二撃を示した。不思議なことに、このむごい行いに関わらなかった者は、燃える家にもっと近くにいてさえ、まったく傷つかなかった。炎の舌は咎ある者だけを求めて伸びたのである。まもなく、くすぶる丸太と灰のほかは、クウラの家であったものは何も残らなかった。この火の不思議なふるまいのために、クウラと妻の死を疑う者もあり、この件をめぐって人々のあいだに多くの言い争いが起こった。

When Aiai walked out through the flames and smoke and reached the cave, he stayed there through that night till the next morning, then, leaving his hook, pearl shell, and stone there, he went forth till he came to the road at Puilio, where he met several children amusing themselves by shooting arrows, one of whom made friends with him and asked him to his house. Aiai accepted the invitation, and the boy and his parents treating him well, he remained with them for some days.

アイアイは炎と煙を抜けて歩き、洞穴にたどり着くと、その夜はそこで過ごし、翌朝、針と真珠貝と石をそこに置いて出かけた。そしてプイリオの道に出ると、そこで弓矢で遊んでいる子どもたちに出会った。そのうちの一人が彼と親しくなり、自分の家へ招いた。アイアイはその招きを受け、少年もその両親もよくしてくれたので、何日かそこにとどまった。

While Aiai was living in their house the parents of the boy heard of the King's order for all the people of Hana to go fishing for hinalea. The people obeyed the royal order, but when they went down to the shore with their fishing baskets they looked around for the usual bait (ueue), which was to be pounded up and put into the baskets, but they could not find any, nor any other material to be so used, neither could they see any fish swimming around in the sea. "Why?" was the question. Because Ku-ula and his wife had taken with them all the fish and everything pertaining to fishing. Finding no bait they pounded up limestone and placed it in the baskets and swam out and set them in the sea. They watched and waited all day, but in vain, for not a single hinalea was seen, nor did any enter the baskets. When night came they went back empty-handed and came down again the next day only to meet the same luck. The parents of the boy who had befriended Aiai were in this fishing party, in obedience to the King's orders, but they got nothing for their trouble. Aiai, seeing them go down daily to Haneoo, asked concerning it, and was told everything; so he bade his friend come with him to the cave where he had stayed after his father's house was burned. Arriving there he showed the stone fish god, Pohaku-muone, and said: "We can get fish up here from this stone without much work or trouble."

アイアイがその家に住んでいたころ、少年の両親は、ハナの人々みなヒナレア漁に出よという王の命を聞いた。人々は王命に従ったが、漁のかごを持って浜へ下りると、いつもの餌(ウエウエ)を探した。それをすりつぶしてかごに入れるのである。ところがそれがどこにも見つからず、代わりに使えるものも何ひとつなく、海に泳ぐ魚の姿も見えなかった。「なぜだ」と問われた。クウラと妻が魚も、漁に関わるものもすべて持ち去ってしまったからである。餌が見つからないので、人々は石灰岩をすりつぶしてかごに入れ、泳いでいって海に沈めた。一日じゅう見張って待ったがむだで、ヒナレアは一匹も見えず、かごに入りもしなかった。夜になると人々は手ぶらで帰り、翌日また下りてきたが、同じことだった。アイアイと親しくなった少年の両親も、王命に従ってこの漁に出ていたが、骨折りは何にもならなかった。アイアイは二人が毎日ハネオオへ下りていくのを見て訳を尋ね、すべてを聞かされた。そこで友に、父の家が焼かれたあと自分がいた洞穴へ一緒に来てほしいと言った。そこに着くと、石の魚の神ポハク・ムオネを見せて言った。「この石があれば、たいして働きも苦労もせずに、ここで魚が手に入る。」

Then Aiai picked up the stone and they went down to Lehoula, and setting it down at a point facing the pond which his father had made he repeated these words: "O Ku-ula, my father; O Hina, my mother, I place this stone here in your name, Ku-ula, which action will make your name famous and mine too, your son; the keeping of this ku-ula stone I give to my friend, and he and his offspring hereafter will do and act in all things pertaining to it in our names."

それからアイアイはその石を取り上げ、二人でレホウラへ下りていった。そして父の築いた池に面した場所にそれを据えて、こう唱えた。「おおわが父クウラよ、おおわが母ヒナよ。わたしはこの石を、あなたの名クウラによってここに据えます。この行いによって、あなたの名も、息子であるわたしの名も高められましょう。このクウラの石を守る役目は、わが友に授けます。この者とその子孫は、これから先これに関わるすべてを、わたしたちの名によって行うでしょう。」

After saying these words he told his friend his duties and all things to be observed relative to the stone and the benefits to be derived therefrom as an influencing power over such variety of fish as he desired. This was the first establishment of the ko'a ku-ula on land,--a place where the fisherman was obliged to make his offering of the first of his catch by taking two fishes and placing them on the ku-ula stone as an offering to Ku-ula. Thus Aiai first put in practice the fishing oblations established by his father at the place of his birth, in his youth, but it was accomplished only through the mana kupua of his parents.

こう唱えてから、アイアイは友に、その務めと、石に関して守るべきことすべて、そしてそれによって望みどおりのさまざまな魚を引き寄せる力が得られることを教えた。これが陸におけるコア・クウラの最初の設けであった。漁師はそこで、獲った魚の最初の二匹をクウラの石に置き、クウラへの供え物とせねばならなかった。こうしてアイアイは、父が生まれた地で定めた漁の供え物の作法を、まだ若いうちに初めて実地に行った。それは両親のマナ・クプアによってのみ成し遂げられたのである。

When Aiai had finished calling on his parents and instructing his friend, there were seen several persons walking along the Haneoo beach with their fishing baskets and setting them in the sea, but catching nothing. At Aiai's suggestion he and his friend went over to witness this fishing effort. When they reached the fishers Aiai asked them, "What are those things placed there for?"

アイアイが両親に呼びかけ、友に教え終えたころ、幾人かの人がハネオオの浜を歩き、漁のかごを海に沈めながら、何も獲れずにいるのが見えた。アイアイの言い出しで、二人はこの漁の様子を見に行った。漁をする人々のところに着くと、アイアイは尋ねた。「あそこに置いてあるものは何のためですか。」

They answered, "Those are baskets for catching hinaleas, a fish that our King, Kamohoalii, longs for, but we cannot get bait to catch the fish with."

人々は答えた。「あれはヒナレアを捕るかごだ。王カモホアリイさまがお望みの魚なのだが、それを捕る餌が手に入らないのだ。」

"Why is it so?" asked Aiai.

「どうしてそうなのですか」とアイアイは尋ねた。

And they answered, "Because Ku-ula and his family are dead, and all the fish along the beach of Hana are taken away."

すると人々は答えた。「クウラとその家族が死んで、ハナの浜の魚がすっかり持ち去られてしまったからだ。」

Then Aiai asked them for two baskets. Having received them, he bade his friend take them and follow him. They went to a little pool near the beach, and setting the baskets therein, he called on his parents for hinaleas. As soon as he had finished, the fish were seen coming in such numbers as to fill the pool, and still they came. Aiai now told his friend to go and fetch his parents and relatives to get fish, and to bring baskets with which to take home a supply; they should have the first pick, and the owners of the baskets should have the next chance. The messenger went with haste and brought his relatives as directed. Aiai then took two fishes and gave them to his friend to place on the ko'a they had established at Lehoula for the ku-ula. He also told him that before the setting of the sun of that day they would hear that King Kamohoalii of Hana was dead, choked and strangled to death by the fish. These prophetic words of Aiai came true.

そこでアイアイは、かごを二つくださいと頼んだ。受け取ると、友にそれを持たせて自分についてこさせた。二人は浜の近くの小さな潮だまりへ行き、そこにかごを沈めて、彼は両親にヒナレアを乞うた。唱え終えるやいなや、魚が潮だまりを埋めるほど群れをなして入ってくるのが見え、なおも押し寄せてきた。アイアイは友に、家族と親族を呼んで魚を取りに来させ、家へ持ち帰るためのかごも持ってこさせよと言った。まず彼らに選ばせ、次にかごの持ち主たちに取らせるのだ、と。使いは急いで走り、言われたとおり親族を連れてきた。それからアイアイは魚を二匹取って友に渡し、レホウラに設けたクウラのコアに供えさせた。そしてまた、その日の日が沈む前に、ハナの王カモホアリイが魚にのどを詰まらせて死んだという知らせが届くだろうと告げた。このアイアイの予言の言葉はそのとおりになった。

After Aiai had made his offering, his friend's parents came to where the fish were gathering and were told to take all they desired, which they did, returning home happy for the liberal supply obtained without trouble. The owners of the baskets were then called and told to take all the fish they wished for themselves and for the King. When these people saw the great supply they were glad and much surprised at the success of these two boys. The news of the reappearing of the fish spread through the district, and the people flocked in great numbers and gathered hinaleas to their satisfaction, and returned to their homes with rejoicing. Some of those who gave Aiai the baskets returned with their bundles of fish to the King. When he saw so many of those he had longed for he became so excited that he reached out and picked one up and put it in his mouth, intending to eat it; but instead the fish slipped right into his throat and stuck there. Many tried to reach and take it out, but were unable, and before the sun set that day Kamohoalii, the King of Hana, died, being choked and strangled to death by the fish. Thus the words of Aiai, the son of Ku-ula, proved true.

アイアイが供え物をしたあと、友の両親が魚の集まっている場所に来たので、好きなだけ取るようにと言われ、二人はそのとおりにして、苦もなく豊かに得られたことを喜びながら帰っていった。それからかごの持ち主たちが呼ばれ、自分たちのためにも王のためにも、望むだけ魚を取るようにと言われた。この人々は魚の多さを見て喜び、この二人の少年の首尾にたいそう驚いた。魚がふたたび現れたという知らせは地方じゅうに広まり、人々は大挙して集まり、満足するまでヒナレアを取って、喜びながら家に帰った。アイアイにかごを渡した者のうち何人かは、魚の包みを持って王のもとへ戻った。王は、あれほど望んでいた魚がこんなにあるのを見て、心を躍らせ、手を伸ばして一匹つまみ上げ、食べようとして口に入れた。ところが魚はそのまま喉に滑り込んで、そこにつかえてしまった。多くの者が手を入れて取り出そうとしたができず、その日の日が沈む前に、ハナの王カモホアリイは魚に喉を詰まらせて死んだ。こうしてクウラの息子アイアイの言葉は真実であることが証された。

By the death of the King of Hana the revenge was complete. The evil-doer from Molokai, and those who obeyed the King's orders on the day Ku-ula's house was fired, met retribution, and Aiai thus won a victory over all his father's enemies.

ハナの王の死をもって復讐は成った。モロカイから来た悪しき男も、クウラの家が焼かれた日に王の命に従った者たちも報いを受け、アイアイはこうして父の敵すべてに勝ちを収めた。

After living for a time at Hana Aiai left that place and went among the different islands of the group establishing fishing ko'as (ko'a aina aumakua). He was the first to measure the depth of the sea to locate these fishing ko'as for the deep sea fishermen who go out in their canoes, and the names of many of these ko'as located around the different islands are well known.

しばらくハナに住んだのち、アイアイはその地を去り、島々を巡って漁のコア(コア・アイナ・アウマクア)を定めていった。舟で沖へ出る深い海の漁師たちのために、海の深さを測ってこれらの漁場を定めたのは彼が最初であり、島々のあちこちに定められたこれらのコアの名の多くは、今もよく知られている。