民話をさがす / ロシア
A Tale of the Dead
ロシア(Russia) / 本文の言語 英語 / 原話の言語 ru / 出典の刊年 1915 / 1,128 語
出典と権利
| 出典の本 | Russian Folk-Tales |
|---|---|
| 提供 | Project Gutenberg / https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62509 |
| 採集・編者 | Leonard A. Magnus |
| 翻訳 | Leonard A. Magnus |
| 刊年の根拠 | 扉の裏に『First Published October 1915 / Second Impression September 1916』 |
| 権利状態 | Public Domain (United States)(US)/確認日 2026-09-14 |
| 地図上の位置 | 緯度 56 / 経度 40(精度 culture_region)。話の舞台でも採集地でもなく、この本が扱う文化圏のおおよその中心である。 |
本文
Project Gutenberg の本文から、PG のヘッダ・フッタ・商標文言を除いたもの。段落は原文のままである。
They had discharged the soldier home, and he was going on his road, it may be far, it may be a short way, and he at last was nearing his village. Not far from his village there lived a miller in his mill: in past times the soldier had been great friends with him.
Why should he not go and see his friend? So he went.
And the miller met him, greeted him kindly, brought a glass of wine, and they began speaking of all they had lived through and seen. This was towards the evening, and whilst the soldier was the miller’s guest it had become dark. So the soldier got ready to go into the village.
But the miller said to him, “Soldier, stay the night with me: it is late and you might come by some mishap.”
“What?”
“A terrible sorcerer has died, and at night he rises out of the grave, ranges about the village and terrifies the boldest: why, he might give you trouble.”
What was the use of it? Why, the soldier was a State servant, and a soldier cannot be drowned in the sea, nor be burned in the fire! So he answered, “I will go, for I should like to see my relatives as soon as I can.”
So he set out; and the road crossed a grave-yard. As he looked he saw a glow on one grave. “What is it?” he said; “I must look at this.” So he went up, and beside a fire there sat the sorcerer, sewing shoes. “Hail, brother!” said the soldier.
So the wizard looked, and asked, “What are you doing here?”
“I only wanted to see what you are up to.”
So the wizard threw down his work, and he invited the soldier to a wedding. “Let us go, brother, let us have a walk: there is a wedding now going on in the village.”
“Very well,” said the soldier.
So they went to the wedding, and were royally feasted and given to eat and drink.
The wizard drank and drank, walked about and walked about, and grew angry, drove all the guests and the family out of the izbá,[2] scattered all the wedding guests, took out two bladders and an awl, pricked the hands of the bride and bridegroom and drew their blood, filling the bladders with the blood. He did this and said to the soldier, “Now we will leave the house.”
On the road the soldier asked him, “Tell me, why did you fill the bladders with the blood?”
“So that the bride and bridegroom might die. To-morrow nobody will be able to wake them up: I only know one means of reviving them.”
“What is that?”
“You must pierce the heels of the bride and bridegroom and pour the blood again into the wounds, their own blood into each. In my right pocket I have the bridegroom’s blood hidden, and in my left, the bride’s.”
So the soldier listened and never said a single word.
But the wizard went on boasting. “I, you know, carry out whatever I desire.”
“Can you be overcome?”
“Yes, certainly: if any one were to make a pile of aspen wood, one hundred cartloads in all, and to burn me on the pile, it can be done; then I should be overcome. Only you must burn me in a cunning way. Out of my belly snakes, worms and all sorts of reptiles will creep; jackdaws, magpies and crows will fly: you must catch them and throw them on the pile. If a single worm escapes, it will be no good, for I shall creep out into that worm.”
So the soldier listened and remembered. So they had a long talk, and at last they came to the grave.
“Now, my brother,” said the wizard, “I am going to tear you to bits! Otherwise you will tell the tale!”
“Now! Let’s argue this out! How are you going to tear me to bits; I am a servant of God and the Tsar!”
So the wizard gnashed his teeth, howled, and threw himself on the soldier. But he drew out his sabre and dealt a backstroke. They tussled and struggled, and the soldier was almost exhausted. Ho, but this is a sorry ending! Then the cocks crowed and the wizard fell down breathless.
The soldier got the bladders out of the wizard’s pockets, and went to his relations. He went in and he greeted them. And they asked him, “Have you ever seen such a fearful stir?”
“No, I never have!”
“Why, have you not heard? There is a curse on our village: a wizard haunts it.”
So they lay down and went to sleep.
In the morning the soldier rose and began asking: “Is it true that there was a wedding celebrated here?”
So his kin answered him, “There was a wedding at the rich peasant’s house, only the bride and bridegroom died that same night. No, we don’t know at all of what they died.”
“Where is the house?”
So they showed him, and he said never a word, and went there, got there, and found the whole family in tears.
“What are you wailing for?”
So they told him the reason.
“I can revive the bridal couple: what will you give me?”
“Oh, you may take half of our possessions.”
So the soldier did as the wizard had bidden him, and he revived the bride and bridegroom, and grief was turned to joy and merriment.
They feasted the soldier and rewarded him.
So he then turned sharp to the left and marched up to the stárosta[3] and bade him assemble all the peasants and prepare one hundred cartloads of aspen boughs. Then they brought the boughs into the cemetery, put them into a pile and raised the wizard out of the grave, put him on the faggots and burned him. And then all the people stood around, some with brushes, shovels and pokers. The pile lit up gaily and the wizard began to burn. His belly burst, and out of it crept snakes, worms and vermin of all sorts, and there flew jackdaws and magpies. But the peasants beat them all into the fire as they came out, and did not let a single worm escape. So the wizard was burned, and the soldier collected his dust and scattered it to the four winds. Henceforth there was peace in the village.
And the peasants thanked the soldier.
He stayed in his country, stayed there until he was satisfied, and then with his money returned to the imperial service: he served his term, went on the retired list, and then lived out his life, living happily, loving the good things and shunning the ill.
緊張のうつりかわり
本文を 12 等分し、張りつめた語(死・血・恐れ・剣…)から和らいだ語(祝い・眠り・ 婚礼…)を引いて、話の中で 0〜1 に均したもの。自前の辞書である。翻訳を経た本文を測っているので、これは原話ではなくこの訳の性質である。
出来事の並び(数え上げ)
区画ごとに、コーパス全体の出現率に対して不釣り合いに多く出た引き金語を採っている。 生の回数で採ると、`father`/`mother` を持つ Family がほぼ全区画で勝つ(実測)。
Journey→Death→Departure→Marriage→Marriage→Marriage→Trial→Marriage→Resurrection→Encounter→Return
似ている民話
多言語 Embedding のコサイン近傍。類似度は歴史的な起源や伝播を証明する値ではない。同じ本の話は文体を共有するぶん必ず似るので、そう分かるよう印を付けてある。
| # | 題名 | 文化圏 | 類似度 | 出典 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The Widow’s Son | ノルウェー | 0.961 | 別の本 |
| 2 | The Soldier and Death | ロシア | 0.959 | 同じ本 |
| 3 | The Miraculous Hen | ロシア | 0.957 | 同じ本 |
| 4 | Rich Peter the Pedlar | ノルウェー | 0.957 | 別の本 |
| 5 | Sorrow | ロシア | 0.957 | 同じ本 |
| 6 | The Realm of Stone | ロシア | 0.955 | 同じ本 |
| 7 | The Blue Belt | ノルウェー | 0.954 | 別の本 |
| 8 | The Story of the Youth who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was | ドイツ語圏 | 0.954 | 別の本 |
| 9 | Tellerchen | ルーマニア | 0.952 | 別の本 |
| 10 | The Wonderful Bird | ルーマニア | 0.952 | 別の本 |
| 11 | The Three Princesses of Whiteland | ノルウェー | 0.951 | 別の本 |
| 12 | The Blue Light | ドイツ語圏 | 0.951 | 別の本 |