民話をさがす / ロシア
The Realms of Copper, Silver and Gold
ロシア(Russia) / 本文の言語 英語 / 原話の言語 ru / 出典の刊年 1915 / 1,467 語
出典と権利
| 出典の本 | Russian Folk-Tales |
|---|---|
| 提供 | Project Gutenberg / https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62509 |
| 採集・編者 | Leonard A. Magnus |
| 翻訳 | Leonard A. Magnus |
| 刊年の根拠 | 扉の裏に『First Published October 1915 / Second Impression September 1916』 |
| 権利状態 | Public Domain (United States)(US)/確認日 2026-09-14 |
| 地図上の位置 | 緯度 56 / 経度 40(精度 culture_region)。話の舞台でも採集地でもなく、この本が扱う文化圏のおおよその中心である。 |
本文
Project Gutenberg の本文から、PG のヘッダ・フッタ・商標文言を除いたもの。段落は原文のままである。
Once upon a time there was an old man and his old wife, and they had three sons. One was called Egórushko Zalyót;[34] the second was called Mísha Kosolápy;[35] and the third was called Iváshko Zapéchnik.[36] The parents wanted to secure wives for them, and sent the eldest son out to seek a bride. He went for a long time, and saw many maidens, but he took none to wife, for he liked none well enough. On the way he met a three-headed dragon, and was very frightened.
The dragon asked him, “Whither are you going, brave youth?”
“I am going a-wooing, but I cannot find a bride.”
“Come with me; I will take you where you may find one.”
So they journeyed together till they came to a great heavy stone; and the dragon said to him: “Lift that stone off, then you will find what you are seeking.” And Egórushko endeavoured to lift the stone away, but he failed. Then the dragon said: “I have no bride for you here!”
So Egórushko went back home, and he told his father and mother all he had gone through. And the parents reflected for a long time. And they at last sent Mísha Kosolápy on the same journey. He met the dragon after many days, and asked him to show him how he should get a bride. The dragon bade him go with him. And they came to the stone. Mísha tried to lift it away, but in vain; so he returned to his parents and told them all he had gone through.
This time the parents were at an utter loss what they should do. Iváshko Zapéchnik could not have any better luck! But still Iváshko asked his parents’ leave to go to the dragon, and after some reluctance he obtained it.
Iváshko met the three-headed dragon, who asked him: “Where are you going, sturdy youth?”
“My brothers set out to marry, but they could find no brides. It is now my turn.”
“Come with me; perhaps you may win a bride.”
So the dragon and Iváshko went up to the stone, and the dragon commanded him to lift the stone up, and Iváshko thrust the stone, and it flew up from its bed like a feather, as though it were not there, and revealed an aperture in the earth, with a rope ladder.
“Iváshko,” said the dragon, “go down that ladder; and I will let you down into the three kingdoms, and in each of them you will see a fair maiden.”
So Iváshko went down, deeper and deeper, right down to the realm of copper, where he met a maiden who was very fair.
“God greet you, strange guest! Sit down where you may find room, and say whence you come.”
“Oh, fair maiden, you have given me nothing to eat and drink, and you ask me for my news!”
So the maiden gave him all manner of meat and drink and set them on the table.
Iváshko had a drink, and then said: “I am seeking a bride; will you marry me?”
“No, fair youth! go farther on into the silver kingdom. There there is a maiden who is much fairer than I.” Thereupon she gave him a silver ring.
So the young boy thanked her for her kindness, said farewell; and he went farther until he reached the silver kingdom. There he saw a maiden who was fairer yet than the former, and he prayed and bowed down low. “Good day, fair maiden!”
“Good day, strange youth! Sit down and tell me whence you come and what you seek.”
“But, fair maiden, you have given me nothing to eat or drink, and you ask my news!”
So the maiden put rich drink and food on the table, and Iváshko ate as much as he would. Then he told her that he was seeking a bride, and he asked her if she would be the bride. “Go yet farther into the golden realm; there there is a maiden who is yet much fairer than I!” the girl said, and she gave him a golden ring.
Iváshko said farewell, and went yet farther, went deeper still, into the golden realm. There he found a maiden who was much, very much fairer than the others, and there he said the right prayer, and he saluted the maiden.
“Whither art thou going, fair youth; and what do you seek?”
“Fair maiden, give me to eat and drink, and I will tell you my news.”
So she got him so fine a meal that no better meal on earth could be wished, and she was so fair that no pen could write and no tale could tell.
Iváshko set to valorously, and then he told his tale. “I am seeking a bride; if you will marry me, come with me!”
So the maiden consented, and she gave him a golden ball. Then they went on and on together, until they reached the silver realm, where they took the maiden who was there; and they went on and on and on from there to the copper realm, and took this maiden with them as well. And then they came to the hole through which they were to climb out. The rope ladder stood all ready, and there there stood the elder brothers, who were looking for him. Iváshko tied the maiden out of the copper realm to the ladder, and the brothers lifted her out, and they let the ladder down again. Then Iváshko laid hold of the maiden from the silver realm, and she was drawn up, and the ladder let down again. This time the maiden from the golden realm came, and was also drawn up. When the steps were let down again, Iváshko sat on them, and the brothers drew it up into the height. But when they saw that this time it was Iváshko Zapéchnik who sat on it, they began to reflect: “If we let him out perhaps he will not give us any of the maidens.” So they cut the steps down, and Iváshko fell down. He wept bitterly, but it was no good. He went down farther, and he then came across a tiny old man, who sat on a tree stem and had a long white beard. Iváshko told him how it had been.
The old man advised him once more to go on. “You will come to a little hut. Enter it and you will see a long man lying in it from one corner to the other. Ask him how you shall reach Russian land once more.”
So Iváshko went up to the hut, stepped in and said: “Strong giant,[37] spare me, and tell me how I shall get home again.”
“Fi, fo, fum, you Russian bones!” said Ídolishche, “I did not summon you, and still you have come. Go to the thrice-tenth sea, there there stands a hut on cocks’ legs in which the Bába Yagá lives. She has an eagle who will carry you.”
So the young boy went on and on, a far way, to the hut, and he stepped in.
The Bába Yagá cried out at once, “Fi, fo, fum, Russian bones, why have you come here?”
“Oh, mother, the giant Ídolishche sent me to ask you to lend me your mighty eagle to carry me to Russia.”
“Go,” said Bába Yagá, “into the garden. At the gate there stands a watchman; take his keys and pass through seven doors, and when you open the last the eagle will flap his wings. Sit on his back if you are not afraid, and fly away. But take meat with you and give him to eat whenever he turns round.”
Iváshko did as he was bidden, sat on the eagle and flew away. The eagle flew on, flew on; then he soon turned his head round, and Iváshko gave him a bite of flesh. Then the eagle flew on afar, and turned round again, and Iváshko fed him. And he fed him until he had nothing more left, and Russia was still far off. Then the eagle turned round, and as he had no flesh, he tore a fragment out of Iváshko’s withers and ate it up. But they had already reached the aperture. When Iváshko parted from the eagle, he spat a bit of flesh out and bade Iváshko lay it on him. And Iváshko did so, and his body healed; and Iváshko went home, took the maiden from the golden realm from his brothers; and they then lived happily, and may still be living if they are not dead.
I was there and I drank beer; I drank the beer, and it flowed up to my whiskers, but none of it reached my mouth.
緊張のうつりかわり
本文を 12 等分し、張りつめた語(死・血・恐れ・剣…)から和らいだ語(祝い・眠り・ 婚礼…)を引いて、話の中で 0〜1 に均したもの。自前の辞書である。翻訳を経た本文を測っているので、これは原話ではなくこの訳の性質である。
出来事の並び(数え上げ)
区画ごとに、コーパス全体の出現率に対して不釣り合いに多く出た引き金語を採っている。 生の回数で採ると、`father`/`mother` を持つ Family がほぼ全区画で勝つ(実測)。
Marriage→Marriage→Marriage→Gift→Marriage→Marriage→Marriage→Family→Family→Gift→Death
似ている民話
多言語 Embedding のコサイン近傍。類似度は歴史的な起源や伝播を証明する値ではない。同じ本の話は文体を共有するぶん必ず似るので、そう分かるよう印を付けてある。
| # | 題名 | 文化圏 | 類似度 | 出典 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iváshko and the Wise Woman | ロシア | 0.965 | 同じ本 |
| 2 | The Sea Tsar and Vasilísa the Wise | ロシア | 0.961 | 同じ本 |
| 3 | Márya Moryévna | ロシア | 0.960 | 同じ本 |
| 4 | By Command of the Prince Daniel | ロシア | 0.959 | 同じ本 |
| 5 | A Story of Saint Nicholas | ロシア | 0.958 | 同じ本 |
| 6 | Bába Yagá and Zamorýshek | ロシア | 0.954 | 同じ本 |
| 7 | The Miraculous Hen | ロシア | 0.953 | 同じ本 |
| 8 | The Legless Knight and the Blind Knight | ロシア | 0.952 | 同じ本 |
| 9 | Vasilísa the Fair | ロシア | 0.951 | 同じ本 |
| 10 | At the Behest of the Pike | ロシア | 0.951 | 同じ本 |
| 11 | The Tsarévich and Dyád’ka | ロシア | 0.949 | 同じ本 |
| 12 | Donotknow | ロシア | 0.948 | 同じ本 |